Inyungu zo kugenzura impagarara muri Mask, Mask ya Face na PPE Umusaruro

Umwaka wa 2020 wazanye ibintu byinshi ntanumwe washoboraga kubona. Icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba cyibasiye inganda zose kandi gihindura ubuzima bwa miliyoni z'abantu ku isi. Ibi bintu bidasanzwe byatumye habaho kwiyongera gukenewe kwa masike, PPE, nibindi bicuruzwa bidoda. Iterambere ryihuse ryatumye bigora ababikora kugendana nibisabwa byihuse kuko bashaka kongera umusaruro wimashini no guteza imbere ubushobozi bwagutse cyangwa bushya buva mubikoresho bihari.

Mugihe ababikora benshi bihutira kuvugurura ibikoresho byabo, kubura ubuziranenge budodasisitemu yo kugenzura ibibazoni Kuganisha ku Bipimo Byinshi Byakuweho, Bikomeye kandi bihenze byo kwiga umurongo, no gutakaza umusaruro ninyungu. Kubera ko masike menshi yubuvuzi, kubaga, na N95, kimwe nibindi bikoresho bikomeye byubuvuzi na PPE, bikozwe mubikoresho bidoda, gukenera ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byinshi byahindutse ingingo yibanze kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Kudoda ni imyenda ikozwe mu ruvange rw'ibikoresho bisanzwe na sintetike, bihujwe hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Imyenda idashongeshejwe idoda, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mu gukora mask na PPPE, ikozwe mu bice bya resin bishonga mu fibre hanyuma bigahita bisimburana hejuru: bityo bigakora umwenda umwe. Iyo umwenda umaze gukorwa, ugomba guhuzwa hamwe. Iyi nzira irashobora gukorwa murimwe muburyo bune: ukoresheje resin, ubushyuhe, gukanda inshinge ibihumbi cyangwa guhuza hamwe nindege yihuta.

Ibice bibiri kugeza kuri bitatu byimyenda idoda irakenewe kugirango habeho mask. Igice cyimbere ni ihumure, igice cyo hagati gikoreshwa mukuyungurura, naho igice cya gatatu gikoreshwa mukurinda. Usibye ibi, buri mask isaba ikiraro cyizuru nimpeta. Ibikoresho bitatu bidabohwa bigaburirwa mumashini ikora yizengurutsa umwenda, igashyira ibice hejuru yundi, ikata umwenda muburebure bwifuzwa, ikongeramo impeta nikiraro cyizuru. Kurinda ntarengwa, buri mask igomba kuba ifite ibice bitatu byose, kandi gukata bigomba kuba byuzuye. Kugirango ugere kuri ubu busobanuro, Urubuga rugomba gukomeza guhagarika umutima muburyo bwo gukora.

Iyo uruganda rukora rutanga amamiriyoni ya masike na PPE kumunsi umwe, kugenzura impagarara ni ngombwa cyane. Ubwiza no guhuzagurika ni ibisubizo buri ruganda rukora rusaba igihe cyose. Sisitemu yo kugenzura amakimbirane ya Montalvo irashobora kwerekana ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byarangiye, kongera umusaruro no guhuza ibicuruzwa mugihe gikemura ibibazo byose bifitanye isano no kugenzura ibibazo bashobora guhura nabyo.
Kuki kugenzura amakimbirane ari ngombwa? Kugenzura impagarara ni inzira yo gukomeza kugenwa cyangwa gushyirwaho urugero rwumuvuduko cyangwa guhangayikishwa kubintu runaka hagati yingingo zombi mugihe ukomeje uburinganire no guhuzagurika nta gihombo kiboneka mubintu cyangwa ibintu byifuzwa. Mubyongeyeho, iyo imiyoboro ibiri cyangwa myinshi ihujwe hamwe, buri rusobe rushobora kugira imiterere itandukanye nibisabwa. Kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwiza bwo kumurika hamwe na bike kugeza nta nenge, buri rubuga rugomba kugira sisitemu yo kugenzura ibibazo kugirango igumane ibicuruzwa byinshi byujuje ubuziranenge.

Kugenzura neza impagarara, sisitemu ifunze cyangwa ifunguye sisitemu irakomeye. Sisitemu zifunze-zipima, kugenzura no kugenzura inzira binyuze mubitekerezo kugirango ugereranye impagarara nyazo ziteganijwe. Mugukora, ibi bigabanya cyane amakosa nibisubizo mubyifuzo bisohoka cyangwa igisubizo. Hano haribintu bitatu byingenzi muri sisitemu ifunze kugirango igenzure impagarara: igikoresho cyo gupima impagarara, umugenzuzi nigikoresho cya torque (feri, clutch cyangwa Drive)

Turashobora gutanga urwego runini rwabashinzwe kugenzura ibibazo kuva kubagenzuzi ba PLC kugeza kubice byabigenewe byihariye. Umugenzuzi yakira ibitekerezo byapimwe biturutse kumurongo wimitwaro cyangwa ukuboko kwababyinnyi. Iyo impagarara zihindutse, zitanga ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi umugenzuzi asobanura bijyanye nuburemere bwashyizweho. Umugenzuzi noneho ahindura urumuri rwibikoresho bisohoka (feri ya tension, clutch cyangwa actuator) kugirango akomeze ingingo yifuza. Mubyongeyeho, uko kuzunguruka kwinshi guhinduka, urumuri rusabwa rugomba guhindurwa no gucungwa numugenzuzi. Ibi byemeza ko impagarara zihoraho, zihuje kandi zuzuye mubikorwa byose. Dukora inganda zinyuranye ziyobora sisitemu yimikorere ya selile hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyiriraho no kugereranya ibintu byinshi byunvikana bihagije kugirango tumenye n’impinduka ntoya mu mpagarara, kugabanya imyanda no kugabanya ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwa nyuma. Akagari k'imizigo gapima imbaraga za micro-deflection zikoreshwa nibikoresho mugihe kigenda kumuzingo udafite akazi uterwa no gukomera cyangwa kugabanuka uko ibintu byanyuze mubikorwa. Iki gipimo gikozwe muburyo bwikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi (mubisanzwe milivolts) cyoherejwe kubagenzuzi kugirango bahindure umuriro kugirango bagumane impagarara.